下面对 reduce 的语法进行简单说明,详情可查看 MDN 的 reduce()的相关说明。

  • 定义:对数组中的每个元素执行一个自定义的累计器,将其结果汇总为单个返回值
  • 形式:array.reduce((t, v, i, a) => {}, initValue)
  • 参数
    • callback:回调函数(必选)
    • initValue:初始值(可选)
  • 回调函数的参数
    • total(t):累计器完成计算的返回值(必选)
    • value(v):当前元素(必选)
    • index(i):当前元素的索引(可选)
    • array(a):当前元素所属的数组对象(可选)
  • 过程
    • t作为累计结果的初始值,不设置t则以数组第一个元素为初始值
    • 开始遍历,使用累计器处理v,将v的映射结果累计到t上,结束此次循环,返回t
    • 进入下一次循环,重复上述操作,直至数组最后一个元素
    • 结束遍历,返回最终的t

总结reduce 的精华所在是将累计器逐个作用于数组成员上,把上一次输出的值作为下一次输入的值。另外 reduce 还有一个胞弟 reduceRight,两个方法的功能其实是一样的,只不过 reduce升序执行reduceRight降序执行

注意:对空数组调用 reduce()reduceRight() 是不会执行其回调函数的,可认为 reduce() 对空数组无效

下面举个简单的栗子,看看 reduce 的计算结果。

const arr = [3, 5, 1, 4, 2]
const a = arr.reduce((t, v) => t + v)
// 等同于
const b = arr.reduce((t, v) => t + v, 0)

reduce 高级用法

累加累乘

function Accumulation(...values) {
  return values.reduce((t, v) => t + v, 0)
}
function Multiplication(...values) {
  return values.reduce((t, v) => t * v, 1)
}

Accumulation(1, 2, 3, 4, 5) // 15
Multiplication(1, 2, 3, 4, 5) // 120

权重求和

const scores = [
  { score: 90, subject: 'chinese', weight: 0.5 },
  { score: 95, subject: 'math', weight: 0.3 },
  { score: 85, subject: 'english', weight: 0.2 },
]

const result = sources.reduce((t, v) => t + v.score * t.weight, 0) // 90.5

代替 reverse

function Reverse(arr = []) {
  return arr.reduceRight((t, v) => (t.push(v), t), [])
}

Reverse([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]) // [5, 4, 3, 2, 1]

代替 map 和 filter

const arr = [0, 1, 2, 3]
// 代替map:[0, 2, 4, 6]
const a = arr.map((v) => v * 2)
const b = arr.reduce((t, v) => [...t, v * 2], [])

// 代替filter:[2, 3]
const c = arr.filter((v) => v > 1)
const d = arr.reduce((t, v) => (v > 1 ? [...t, v] : t), [])

// 代替map和filter:[4, 6]
const e = arr.map((v) => v * 2).filter((v) => v > 2)
const f = arr.reduce((t, v) => (v * 2 > 2 ? [...t, v * 2] : t), [])

代替 some 和 every

const scores = [
  { score: 45, subject: 'chinese' },
  { score: 90, subject: 'math' },
  { score: 60, subject: 'english' },
]

// 代替some:至少一门合格
const isFlag = sources.reduce((t, v) => t || v.score >= 60, false) // true

// 代替every:全部合格
const isFlag = sources.reduce((t, v) => t && v.score >= 60, true) // false

数组分割

function chunk(arr = [], size = 1) {
  return arr.length
    ? arr.reduce(
        (t, v) => (
          t[t.length - 1].length === size ? t.push(v) : t[t.length - 1].push(v),
          t
        ),
        [[]]
      )
    : []
}

const arr = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
chunk(arr, 2) // [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5]]

数组过滤

function Difference(arr = [], oarr = []) {
  return arr.reduce((t, v) => (!oarr.includes(v) && t.push(v), t), [])
}

const arr1 = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
const arr2 = [2, 3, 6]
Difference(arr1, arr2) // [1, 4, 5]

数组填充

function Fill(arr = [], val = '', start = 0, end = arr.length) {
  if (start < 0 || start >= end || end > arr.length) return arr
  return [
    ...arr.slice(0, start),
    ...arr.slice(start, end).reduce((t, v) => (t.push(val || v), t), []),
    ...arr.slice(end, arr.length),
  ]
}

const arr = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
Fill(arr, 'aaa', 2, 5) // [0, 1, "aaa", "aaa", "aaa", 5, 6]

数组扁平

function Flat(arr = []) {
  return arr.reduce((t, v) => t.concat(Array.isArray(v) ? Flat(v) : v), [])
}

const arr = [0, 1, [2, 3], [4, 5, [6, 7]], [8, [9, 10, [11, 12]]]]
Flat(arr) // [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12]

数组去重

function Uniq(arr = []) {
  return arr.reduce((t, v) => (t.includes(v) ? t : [...t, v]), [])
}

const arr = [2, 1, 0, 3, 2, 1, 2]
Uniq(arr) // [2, 1, 0, 3]

数组最大最小值

function Max(arr = []) {
  return arr.reduce((t, v) => (t > v ? t : v))
}

function Min(arr = []) {
  return arr.reduce((t, v) => (t < v ? t : v))
}

const arr = [12, 45, 21, 65, 38, 76, 108, 43]
Max(arr) // 108
Min(arr) // 12

数组成员独立拆解

function Unzip(arr = []) {
  return arr.reduce(
    (t, v) => (v.forEach((w, i) => t[i].push(w)), t),
    Array.from({ length: Math.max(...arr.map((v) => v.length)) }).map((v) => [])
  )
}

const arr = [['a', 1, true], ['b', 2, false]]
Unzip(arr) // [["a", "b"], [1, 2], [true, false]]

数组成员个数统计

function Count(arr = []) {
  return arr.reduce((t, v) => ((t[v] = (t[v] || 0) + 1), t), {})
}

const arr = [0, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2]
Count(arr) // { 0: 1, 1: 2, 2: 3 }

// 此方法是字符统计和单词统计的原理,入参时把字符串处理成数组即可

数组成员位置记录

function Position(arr = [], val) {
  return arr.reduce((t, v, i) => (v === val && t.push(i), t), [])
}

const arr = [2, 1, 5, 4, 2, 1, 6, 6, 7]
Position(arr, 2) // [0, 4]

数组成员特性分组

function Group(arr = [], key) {
  return key
    ? arr.reduce(
        (t, v) => (!t[v[key]] && (t[v[key]] = []), t[v[key]].push(v), t),
        {}
      )
    : {}
}

const arr = [
  { area: 'GZ', name: 'YZW', age: 27 },
  { area: 'GZ', name: 'TYJ', age: 25 },
  { area: 'SZ', name: 'AAA', age: 23 },
  { area: 'FS', name: 'BBB', age: 21 },
  { area: 'SZ', name: 'CCC', age: 19 },
] // 以地区area作为分组依据
Group(arr, 'area') // { GZ: Array(2), SZ: Array(2), FS: Array(1) }

数组成员所含关键字统计

function Keyword(arr = [], keys = []) {
  return keys.reduce(
    (t, v) => (arr.some((w) => w.includes(v)) && t.push(v), t),
    []
  )
}

const text = [
  '今天天气真好,我想出去钓鱼',
  '我一边看电视,一边写作业',
  '小明喜欢同桌的小红,又喜欢后桌的小君,真TM花心',
  '最近上班喜欢摸鱼的人实在太多了,代码不好好写,在想入非非',
]
const keyword = ['偷懒', '喜欢', '睡觉', '摸鱼', '真好', '一边', '明天']
Keyword(text, keyword) // ["喜欢", "摸鱼", "真好", "一边"]

字符串翻转

function ReverseStr(str = '') {
  return str.split('').reduceRight((t, v) => t + v)
}

const str = 'reduce最牛逼'
ReverseStr(str) // "逼牛最ecuder"

数字千分化

function ThousandNum(num = 0) {
  const str = (+num).toString().split('.')
  const int = (nums) =>
    nums
      .split('')
      .reverse()
      .reduceRight((t, v, i) => t + (i % 3 ? v : `${v},`), '')
      .replace(/^,|,$/g, '')
  const dec = (nums) =>
    nums
      .split('')
      .reduce((t, v, i) => t + ((i + 1) % 3 ? v : `${v},`), '')
      .replace(/^,|,$/g, '')
  return str.length > 1 ? `${int(str[0])}.${dec(str[1])}` : int(str[0])
}

ThousandNum(1234) // "1,234"
ThousandNum(1234.0) // "1,234"
ThousandNum(0.1234) // "0.123,4"
ThousandNum(1234.5678) // "1,234.567,8"

异步累计

async function AsyncTotal(arr = []) {
  return arr.reduce(async (t, v) => {
    const at = await t
    const todo = await Todo(v)
    at[v] = todo
    return at
  }, Promise.resolve({}))
}

const result = await AsyncTotal() // 需要在async包围下使用

斐波那契数列

function Fibonacci(len = 2) {
  const arr = [...new Array(len).keys()]
  return arr.reduce((t, v, i) => (i > 1 && t.push(t[i - 1] + t[i - 2]), t), [
    0,
    1,
  ])
}

Fibonacci(10) // [0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34]

URL 参数反序列化

function ParseUrlSearch() {
  return location.search
    .replace(/(^\?)|(&$)/g, '')
    .split('&')
    .reduce((t, v) => {
      const [key, val] = v.split('=')
      t[key] = decodeURIComponent(val)
      return t
    }, {})
}

// 假设URL为:https://www.baidu.com?age=25&name=TYJ
ParseUrlSearch() // { age: "25", name: "TYJ" }

URL 参数序列化

function StringifyUrlSearch(search = {}) {
  return Object.entries(search)
    .reduce(
      (t, v) => `${t}${v[0]}=${encodeURIComponent(v[1])}&`,
      Object.keys(search).length ? '?' : ''
    )
    .replace(/&$/, '')
}

StringifyUrlSearch({ age: 27, name: 'YZW' }) // "?age=27&name=YZW"

返回对象指定键值

function GetKeys(obj = {}, keys = []) {
  return Object.keys(obj).reduce(
    (t, v) => (keys.includes(v) && (t[v] = obj[v]), t),
    {}
  )
}

const target = { a: 1, b: 2, c: 3, d: 4 }
const keyword = ['a', 'd']
GetKeys(target, keyword) // { a: 1, d: 4 }

数组转对象

const people = [
  { area: 'GZ', name: 'YZW', age: 27 },
  { area: 'SZ', name: 'TYJ', age: 25 },
]
const map = people.reduce((t, v) => {
  const { name, ...rest } = v
  t[name] = rest
  return t
}, {}) // { YZW: {…}, TYJ: {…} }

Redux Compose 函数原理

function Compose(...funs) {
  if (funs.length === 0) {
    return (arg) => arg
  }
  if (funs.length === 1) {
    return funs[0]
  }
  return funs.reduce((t, v) => (...arg) => t(v(...arg)))
}

Redux 统计出现的次数

  • 方案一
const arr = ['a', 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd']
const obj = arr.reduce((prev, next) => {
  if (next in prev) {
    prev[next]++
  } else {
    prev[next] = 1
  }
  return prev
}, {})
console.log(obj)
// { a: 2, b: 1, c: 1, d: 1 }
  • 方案二
const arr = ['a', 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd']
const obj = {}
arr.forEach((item) => {
  if (obj[item]) {
    obj[item]++
  } else {
    obj[item] = 1
  }
})
console.log(obj)
// { a: 2, b: 1, c: 1, d: 1 }